The effects of cognitive- and affective-based trust on students' knowledge sharing and learning performance during the Covid-19 pandemic

This study examined the effects of cognitive and affective-based trust on knowledge sharing among students, which influences learning performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted with 730 participants, and analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory. The results showed that cognitive and affective trust significantly affects students' knowledge sharing behavior on Facebook, which further influences learning performance. This study also showed that social media had become a tool for social interaction and learning, which is crucial to students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Analysis of building permits and its impacts in South Jakarta, Indonesia

At this time, there have been paradigm changes in the Government's mindset, especially in terms of achieving targets between investment activities to increase economic growth and efforts to conserve and protect the environment. It is in line with the issuance of the Job Creation Law in Indonesia, when the Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic happened, which resulted in Indonesia's economic growth continuing to weaken. For this reason, economic growth needs to increase through policies on ease of doing business and investment, which will impact economic growth. One of these policies is the ease of the licensing process. This article aims to examine the relationship between permits, especially building permits, and their effect on environmental protection by looking at and conducting literature studies and comparisons between the level of permits and the theoretical impact of ecological damage through the primary and secondary data, which was carried out within the scope of the research area located in South Jakarta, Indonesia. This research expects to be material for policymakers' consideration in further analysing the relationship between licensing, environmental protection, and economic growth. © 2023 Author(s).

Comparison of Thorax Computed Tomography Based Body Composition Parameters Between COVID-19 Positive and Negative Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To compare body fat-muscle and visceral obesity indices that can be measured with thorax computed tomography (CT) between reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive and negative patients. Material(s) and Method(s): This ret-rospective, comparative study included 141 PCR (+) and 150 PCR (-) patients who applied to our hospital with flu-like symptoms without having the comorbid diseases and undergone thoracic CT between April 1, 2020-July 1, 2020. For the each patient, the ratio of thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness to pectoralis major muscle thickness (TSAT/PMJ), epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EAT), liver density (LD), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness to psoas major muscle thickness ratio (ASAT/ PSM), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue thickness to erector spinae muscle thickness ratio (ASAT/ESM) was measured. The comparison was made between the subgroups in terms of age, gender, and measured parameters. Result(s): Statistically significant difference was found between PCR (+) and (-) individuals in terms of EAT mean (p<0.05). TSAT/PMJ, ASAT/PSM and ASAT/ESM ratios were higher in women (p <0.05). The mean EAT in men was increased in the PCR (+) group (p<0.05). In PCR (+) group, LD decreased, EAT increased with increasing age (p<0.05). PCR (+) and PCR (-) groups didn't show significant difference (p>0.05) in terms of TSAT/PMJ, ASAT/PSM, LD, ASAT/ESM. Conclusion(s): Higher EAT values can increase the risk of getting coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Peripheral fat-muscle indices don't increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 infection.Copyright © 2023 by Turkiye Klinikleri.

The hidden (overlooked) impact of living through a pandemic: How parents of children with disabilities fared during COVID-19?

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of families of children with disabilities and the mediating roles of perceived social support, perceived parental self-efficacy, psychological health, psychological resilience, and perceived family burden on this relationship. BackgroundChildren with disabilities and their families are among the most affected populations from the restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus, as the special education and rehabilitation services they had been receiving were interrupted. MethodA correlational survey design was used to collect data from 824 parents of children with disabilities in Turkey. Path analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 on family quality of life. ResultsResults indicated that COVID-19 had a significant total effect on family quality of life and perceived social support, parental self-efficacy and psychological resilience had a mediating role on the relationship between impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and family quality of life. Perceived social support was found to the strongest mediator of the relationship between the impact of COVID-19 and the family quality of life, while perceived family burden did not have a statistically significant association with these variables. ConclusionFamily quality of life for children with disabilities decreased as the impact of COVID-19 pandemic increased. Perceived social support, parental self-efficacy and psychological resilience had mediating roles in the relationship between the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and family quality of life. ImplicationsCOVID-19 has resulted in disruption of special education and rehabilitation services for children with disabilities and their families. Changes in daily routines have brought up additional responsibilities to parents of children with disabilities. These additional responsibilities may adversely affect and increase the burden and stress families of children with disabilities experience. The high levels of stress in families negatively affect the welfare and quality of life and result in decreased parental attention to support their children. Findings of this study show the mediating link of perceived social support, parental self-efficacy and psychological resilience in the relationship between the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and family quality of life. Policymakers and service providers should develop and implement specific care actions to support children with disabilities and their families during and after the pandemic.

The level of anxiety in pregnant women in COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the COVID-19 anxiety level in pregnant women who presented to an outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study including 203 of 310 pregnant women who presented to the outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital of the Ministry of Health between 29 September-1 October, 2020. The level of anxiety was assessed with the COVID-19 Anxiety Inventory (CAS) using a face-to-face survey method. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 28.15 +/- 5.95 years. In the study, while 6.2% of women over 30 years old was identified to have psychological problems, 0.7% of those under 30 years old had such problems. The rate of diagnosis of COVID-19 in the family/acquaintances of those with an educational level of high school or high-er was 56.9%, and those who had an education-al level under high school had a corresponding rate of 39.5%. The rate of COVID-19 diagnosis in the family/acquaintances of those with an educational level of high school or higher was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The mean COVID-19 anxiety scale score was 0.18 +/- 0.47;COVID-19 anxiety was not observed in pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: This study detected no anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, it can be said that pregnant women do not need immediate psycho-social support.

Optimization-Based Method for Estimating the Transmission Rate of Covid-19 during the Lockdown in Malaysia

In this work, the optimization-based method is implemented to investigate the effectiveness of lockdown strategies undertaken to contain the COVID-19 during the first two waves in Malaysia. The well-known Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemiological model was fitted to the actual data of infected cases from the official press to closely reflect the observed COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were implemented to determine the daily transmission rate beta(t) that fits the SIR model to the actual data. The best fitness value of PSO is mostly stable at approximately 37.5 with the best value of 37.41 at a population size of 1000, whilst the best value for GA slowly decreased to the best value of 47.45 at a population size of 1000. In addition, PSO requires a lower number of iterations to reach the optimum fitness value for the same population size as compared to GA, while GA is too far to reach the convergence. As the removal rate (gamma) is a constant value fixed at 0.1, the optimized beta(t) values indicate a high basic reproduction number (average R0 = 1.23) obtained before the Movement Control Order (MCO), followed by a considerable decrease to an average R0 value of 1.23 during the MCO. During the Conditional MCO and Recovery MCO, the basic reproduction number was slightly decreased to an average R0 value less than 1. This is an indication of the success of the government to contain the pandemic during the first two waves as the R0 has been kept below than 1.

The level of anxiety in pregnant women in COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the COVID-19 anxiety level in pregnant women who presented to an outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study including 203 of 310 pregnant women who presented to the outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital of the Ministry of Health between 29 September-1 October, 2020. The level of anxiety was assessed with the COVID-19 Anxiety Inventory (CAS) using a face-to-face survey method. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 28.15±5.95 years. In the study, while 6.2% of women over 30 years old was identified to have psychological problems, 0.7% of those under 30 years old had such problems. The rate of diagnosis of COVID-19 in the family/acquaintances of those with an educational level of high school or higher was 56.9%, and those who had an educational level under high school had a corresponding rate of 39.5%. The rate of COVID-19 diagnosis in the family/acquaintances of those with an educational level of high school or higher was significantly higher (p<0.05). The mean COVID-19 anxiety scale score was 0.18±0.47; COVID-19 anxiety was not observed in pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: This study detected no anxiety in pregnant women. Therefore, it can be said that pregnant women do not need immediate psycho-social support.

Comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccine responses and third booster dose-induced neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants.

Two COVID-19 mRNA (of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273) and two adenovirus vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 and Janssen) are licensed in Europe, but optimization of regime and dosing is still ongoing. Here we show in health care workers (n = 328) that two doses of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or a combination of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vector and mRNA vaccines administrated with a long 12-week dose interval induce equally high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against D614 and Delta variant. By contrast, two doses of BNT162b2 with a short 3-week interval induce 2-3-fold lower titers of neutralizing antibodies than those from the 12-week interval, yet a third BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster dose increases the antibody levels 4-fold compared to the levels after the second dose, as well as induces neutralizing antibody against Omicron BA.1 variant. Our data thus indicates that a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may induce cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants.

Scent dogs in detection of COVID-19: triple-blinded randomised trial and operational real-life screening in airport setting.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate scent dogs' diagnostic accuracy in identification of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We conducted a randomised triple-blinded validation trial, and a real-life study at the Helsinki-Vantaa International Airport, Finland. METHODS: Four dogs were trained to detect COVID-19 using skin swabs from individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Our controlled triple-blinded validation study comprised four identical sets of 420 parallel samples (from 114 individuals tested positive and 306 negative by RT-PCR), randomly presented to each dog over seven trial sessions. In a real-life setting the dogs screened skin swabs from 303 incoming passengers all concomitantly examined by nasal swab SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Our main outcomes were variables of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value) for scent dog identification in comparison with RT-PCR. RESULTS: Our validation experiments had an overall accuracy of 92% (95% CI 90% to 93%), a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 89% to 94%) and a specificity of 91% (95% CI 89% to 93%) compared with RT-PCR. For our dogs, trained using the wild-type virus, performance was less accurate for the alpha variant (89% for confirmed wild-type vs 36% for alpha variant, OR 14.0, 95% CI 4.5 to 43.4). In the real-life setting, scent detection and RT-PCR matched 98.7% of the negative swabs. Scant airport prevalence (0.47%) did not allow sensitivity testing; our only SARS-CoV-2 positive swab was not identified (alpha variant). However, ad hoc analysis including predefined positive spike samples showed a total accuracy of 98% (95% CI 97% to 99%). CONCLUSIONS: This large randomised controlled triple-blinded validation study with a precalculated sample size conducted at an international airport showed that trained scent dogs screen airport passenger samples with high accuracy. One of our findings highlights the importance of continuous retraining as new variants emerge. Using scent dogs may present a valuable approach for high-throughput, rapid screening of large numbers of people.

Health Anxiety in the Early Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey: Investigation of Predictive Variables

Objective: Health anxiety can be a risk factor for mental health and well-being. People can experience higher levels of health anxiety during pandemic outbreaks because such pandemic outbreaks can cause additional stress and threats. In this sense, people can be more vulnerable to health anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. To better understand and overcome health anxiety, it is important to examine factors that affect health anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to examine the effects of age, gender, perceived risk, exposure to media, depression, anxiety, and stress on health anxiety during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey.Materials and Method: The participants included 1473 adults and the data were collected via an online tool. The demographic questions, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Short Health Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Multiple linear regression analysis was implemented to analyze the data using R program. Results: The results showed that anxiety was the strongest positive predictor of health anxiety, following stress, TV News and social media, depression, and risk perception. Age and gender were not found to be significant predictors.Conclusions: This study showed that the significant predictors of health anxiety can escalate health anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results and limitations are discussed along with implications for future research and intervention and prevention planning. © 2021 Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Ansiedad y el Estrés - SEAS. Colegio de la Psicología de Madrid. Todos los derechos reservados.

A glance at COVID-19 in Turkey with the concepts of health and poverty since Edwin Chadwick until today: Diyarbakir example

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the direction of the pandemic spread on monthly COVID-19 case density maps in 4 districts of Diyarbakir city in the application software of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health "Hayat Eve Sigar (Life Fits Into Home)", in terms of socio-economic development indices based on Edwin Chadwick's relationship between health and poverty concepts. Material and Methods: COVID-19 cases density maps in the same central districts over the last 5 months, and the amount of propagation and density of the pandemic in those districts were determined. Results: When comparing areas of Diyarbakir with low and high socio-economic status, a parallelism was found between the density of the pandemic and the direction of spread. Discussion: The vicious circle of poverty constantly creates negative health consequences in the presence of an unhealthy environment and low socioeconomic status.

Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory's (CAI) Turkish Adaptation: Testing its Validity and Reliability

Understanding people's psychological reactions to the pandemic is important in controlling the spread of disease and preventing psychological disorders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on anxiety as a psychological reaction to the coronavirus pandemic. It aims to produce a Turkish adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory (CAI;Wheaton, Ward, Sanders, Keel, & van Meter, 2020) and examine its reliability and validity. The study participants consisted of 428 undergraduate students (335 females and 93 males) aged between 18 and 32 years. The researchers used Mplus and K programs for data analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of the Turkish adaptation. Moreover, using correlation analysis. the researchers examined the relationship between CAI and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated to test the reliability of the scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single-factor structure of the CAI with nine items had adequate lit indices. that is, it showed good features in terms of measuring coronavirus-related anxiety. Item factor loadings changed between 0.56 and 0.81. and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.84. A statistically significant difference was found between the scores of the upper and lower 27% groups. Furthermore, statistically significant positive relationships between CAI and DASS were noted. Consequently. this study provides a number of evidences that the Turkish adaptation of CAI with nine items based on a seven-point Likert-type scale was a reliable and valid instrument for measuring coronavirus-related anxiety in undergraduate students. This research uses CAI to determine university students' anxiety levels amid the CONID-19 pandemic. The researchers suggest that particular attention should be given to a balanced distribution in terms of gender and age in future studies.

Characterization of low-density granulocytes in COVID-19.

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by extensive pulmonary complications, to which host immune responses are believed to play a role. As the major arm of innate immunity, neutrophils are one of the first cells recruited to the site of infection where their excessive activation can contribute to lung pathology. Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are circulating neutrophils, whose numbers increase in some autoimmune diseases and cancer, but are poorly characterized in acute viral infections. Using flow cytometry, we detected a significant increase of LDGs in the blood of acute COVID-19 patients, compared to healthy controls. Based on their surface marker expression, COVID-19-related LDGs exhibit four different populations, which display distinctive stages of granulocytic development and most likely reflect emergency myelopoiesis. Moreover, COVID-19 LDGs show a link with an elevated recruitment and activation of neutrophils. Functional assays demonstrated the immunosuppressive capacities of these cells, which might contribute to impaired lymphocyte responses during acute disease. Taken together, our data confirms a significant granulocyte activation during COVID-19 and suggests that granulocytes of lower density play a role in disease progression.

COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced antibody responses against three SARS-CoV-2 variants.

As SARS-CoV-2 has been circulating for over a year, dozens of vaccine candidates are under development or in clinical use. The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine induces spike protein-specific neutralizing antibodies associated with protective immunity. The emergence of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants has raised concerns of reduced vaccine efficacy and increased re-infection rates. Here we show, that after the second dose, the sera of BNT162b2-vaccinated health care workers (n = 180) effectively neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 variant with the D614G substitution and the B.1.1.7 variant, whereas the neutralization of the B.1.351 variant is five-fold reduced. Despite the reduction, 92% of the seronegative vaccinees have a neutralization titre of >20 for the B.1.351 variant indicating some protection. The vaccinees' neutralization titres exceeded those of recovered non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our work provides evidence that the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine induces cross-neutralization of at least some of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies of COVID-19 Patients Tested Using Clinical D614G, B.1.1.7, and B 1.351 Isolates in Microneutralization Assays.

Increasing evidence suggests that some newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) resist neutralization by antibodies elicited by the early-pandemic wild-type virus. We applied neutralization tests to paired recoveree sera (n = 38) using clinical isolates representing the first wave (D614G), VoC1, and VoC2 lineages (B.1.1.7 and B 1.351). Neutralizing antibodies inhibited contemporary and VoC1 lineages, whereas inhibition of VoC2 was reduced 8-fold, with 50% of sera failing to show neutralization. These results provide evidence for the increased potential of VoC2 to reinfect previously SARS-CoV-infected individuals. The kinetics of NAbs in different patients showed similar decline against all variants, with generally low initial anti-B.1.351 responses becoming undetectable, but with anti-B.1.1.7 NAbs remaining detectable (>20) for months after acute infection.

A 10-Minute "Mix and Read" Antibody Assay for SARS-CoV-2.

Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are needed for management of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Antibody tests enable detection of individuals past the initial phase of infection and help examine vaccine responses. The major targets of human antibody response in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the spike glycoprotein (SP) and nucleocapsid protein (NP). We have developed a rapid homogenous approach for antibody detection termed LFRET (protein L-based time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer immunoassay). In LFRET, fluorophore-labeled protein L and antigen are brought to close proximity by antigen-specific patient immunoglobulins of any isotype, resulting in TR-FRET signal. We set up LFRET assays for antibodies against SP and NP and evaluated their diagnostic performance using a panel of 77 serum/plasma samples from 44 individuals with COVID-19 and 52 negative controls. Moreover, using a previously described SP and a novel NP construct, we set up enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 SP and NP. We then compared the LFRET assays with these ELISAs and with a SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization test (MNT). We found the LFRET assays to parallel ELISAs in sensitivity (90-95% vs. 90-100%) and specificity (100% vs. 94-100%). In identifying individuals with or without a detectable neutralizing antibody response, LFRET outperformed ELISA in specificity (91-96% vs. 82-87%), while demonstrating an equal sensitivity (98%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the applicability of LFRET, a 10-min "mix and read" assay, to detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, spring 2020: Serosurvey, symptoms and risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Exposure, risks and immunity of healthcare workers (HCWs), a vital resource during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, warrant special attention. METHODS: HCWs at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, filled in questionnaires and provided serum samples for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody screening by Euroimmun IgG assay in March-April 2020. Positive/equivocal findings were confirmed by Abbott and microneutralization tests. Positivity by two of the three assays or RT-PCR indicated a Covid-19 case (CoV+). RESULTS: The rate of CoV(+) was 3.3% (36/1095) and seropositivity 3.0% (33/1095). CoV(+) was associated with contact with a known Covid-19 case, and working on a Covid-19-dedicated ward or one with cases among staff. The rate in the Covid-19-dedicated ICU was negligible. Smoking and age <55 years were associated with decreased risk. CoV(+) was strongly associated with ageusia, anosmia, myalgia, fatigue, fever, and chest pressure. Seropositivity was recorded for 89.3% of those with prior documented RT-PCR-positivity and 2.4% of those RT-PCR-negative. The rate of previously unidentified cases was 0.7% (8/1067) and asymptomatic ones 0% (0/36). CONCLUSION: Undiagnosed and asymptomatic cases among HCWs proved rare. An increased risk was associated with Covid-19-dedicated wards. Particularly high rates were seen for wards with liberal HCW-HCW contacts, highlighting the importance of social distancing also among HCWs.

Community empowerment in manufacturing and online marketing of environmentally friendly hand soap made from Reu Gongga Bulbs in the middle of Covid-19

Hand soap is one of the products made from reu gongga bulbs, which is widely manufactured by the community. Hand soap, which is generally made from fat, has a high selling price caused by the price of fat, which is relatively expensive. These factors become the reason for the authors to propose alternative manufacture of hand soap at a fairly affordable price by using reu gongga bulbs as a raw material for making the hand soap. Processing reu gongga bulbs as raw material for hand soap can minimize the cost of raw materials, which will certainly affect the selling price of the hand soap and can create new ways of utilizing reu gongga bulbs, which are generally only used as cattle fodder. The aim and target of the results of the community service program activities are as an effort to help the community to maximize the production of processed hand soap based on reu gongga bulbs which can be used as an alternative effort in increasing community income. Hand soap made from reu gongga bulbs has a relatively low price compared to other hand soap without reducing the quality of the hand soap itself. Thus, it is expected to increase the productivity and income of the community. The development of increasingly sophisticated technology makes almost all manufacturers offer products in the online market. Thus, the authors are interested in participating in marketing products online. Online marketing, which is an alternative in the process of selling hand soap products, is social media in the form of Instagram, WhatsApp, Facebook, etc. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Rapid homogeneous assay for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (preprint)

Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are needed for management of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Antibody tests enable detection of individuals past the initial phase of infection and will help to examine possible vaccine responses. The major targets of human antibody response in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid protein (N). We have developed a rapid homogenous approach for antibody detection termed LFRET (protein L-based time-resolved Forster resonance energy transfer immunoassay). In LFRET, fluorophore-labeled protein L and antigen are brought to close proximity by antigen-specific patient immunoglobulins of any isotype, resulting in TR-FRET signal generation. We set up LFRET assays for antibodies against S and N and evaluated their diagnostic performance using a panel of 77 serum/plasma samples from 44 individuals with COVID-19 and 52 negative controls. Moreover, using a previously described S construct and a novel N construct, we set up enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S and N. We then compared the LFRET assays with these enzyme immunoassays and with a SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization test (MNT). We found the LFRET assays to parallel ELISAs in sensitivity (90-95% vs. 90-100%) and specificity (100% vs. 94-100%). In identifying individuals with or without a detectable neutralizing antibody response, LFRET outperformed ELISA in specificity (91-96% vs. 82-87%), while demonstrating an equal sensitivity (98%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the applicability of LFRET, a 10-minute 'mix and read' assay, to detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.